Regarding autonomic nervous system, visceral pain is not referred to L3-S1 because:

• A. there are no visceral afferents related to these lumbar splanchnic nerves
• B. there are no white rami communications to these spinal nerves
• C. there are no sympathetic ganglia associated with these spinal segments
• D. there is no sympathetic efferent supply to these spinal nerves
• E. there are no grey rami communicants associated with the autonomic ganglia of L3-S1 spinal nerves