It was almost a 100 years back that the first trade union was started in the country and then decades after that the working class won the right to organise and collective bargaining. (I)However, the government appears to be bent on turning the clock back.Having allowed mainstream media and industry to propagate the notion that India’s supposedly unwieldy and excessive labour laws are at the heart of lack of investment and economic growth, it has persistently pushed for labour law reforms. (II)The centre’s proposal of four labour codes to subsume all labour laws is also aimed at breaking the backbone of unions under the objective of “easing” business.So how should the trade unions rethink their strategy? The three-day protest from 9 November by 10 central trade unions in Delhi drew unprecedented support but how impactful was it in terms of government and industry response? (III) The previous two such strikes also drew massive support but while mainstream media reported on them cursorily, industry and government preferred to term them “partial” and carry on with the labour reform agenda. Interestingly, when the united protests of trade unions made labour reform measures difﬁ cult at the national level, the central government encouraged state governments to take up the task enthusiastically. (IV) The competition between states to attract investment was termed “competitive federalism” by supporters of this strategy.

It was almost a 100 years back that the first trade union was started

1.	It was almost a 100 years back that the first trade union was started in the country and then decades after that the working class won the right to organise and collective bargaining. (I)However, the government appears to be bent on turning the clock back.Having allowed mainstream media and industry to propagate the notion that India’s supposedly unwieldy and excessive labour laws are at the heart of lack of investment and economic growth, it has persistently pushed for labour law reforms. (II)The centre’s proposal of four labour codes to subsume all labour laws is also aimed at breaking the backbone of unions under the objective of “easing” business.So how should the trade unions rethink their strategy? The three-day protest from 9 November by 10 central trade unions in Delhi drew unprecedented support but how impactful was it in terms of government and industry response? (III) The previous two such strikes also drew massive support but while mainstream media reported on them cursorily, industry and government preferred to term them “partial” and carry on with the labour reform agenda. Interestingly, when the united protests of trade unions made labour reform measures difﬁ cult at the national level, the central government encouraged state governments to take up the task enthusiastically. (IV) The competition between states to attract investment was termed “competitive federalism” by supporters of this strategy.
A.	Only I and IV
B.	Only II and IV
C.	Only II and III
D.	Only I, II and III
E.	All are correct
Answer» F.

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