A sender S sends a message m to receiver R, which is digitally signed by S with its private key. In this scenario, one or more of the following security violations can take place. (I) S can launch a birthday attack to replace m with a fraudulent message. (II) A third party attacker can launch a birthday attack to replace m with a fraudulent message. (III) R can launch a birthday attack to replace m with a fraudulent message.

A sender S sends a message m to receiver R, which is digitally signed

1.	A sender S sends a message m to receiver R, which is digitally signed by S with its private key. In this scenario, one or more of the following security violations can take place. (I) S can launch a birthday attack to replace m with a fraudulent message. (II) A third party attacker can launch a birthday attack to replace m with a fraudulent message. (III) R can launch a birthday attack to replace m with a fraudulent message.
A.	(I) and (II) only
B.	(I) only
C.	(II) only
D.	(II) and (III) only
Answer» C. (II) only

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